Eluru is well connected to most cities and towns in Andhra Pradesh by the state road transport corporation APSRTC. The city is situated at a distance of 60 km North East of Vijayawada, on the National Highway 5 (which connects Chennai and Kolkatta). Numerous buses run by private bus owners like Kesineni Travels, Sai Krishna Travels, etc. cut across the city on a regular basis, especially from Hyderabad and Bangalore. The distance between Hyderabad and Eluru is about 330 km, with direct buses and indirect buses via Vijayawada running throughout the day. Eluru is situated at a distance of 90km from rajahmundry, 70 km from Narsapur, 75 km from Tanuku, 61 km from Bhimavaram, 50 km from Jangareddy Gudem and 51 km from Tadepalligudem. The city is accessible by train and bus and there are frequent buses from Narsapur, Palakollu, Tadepalligudem, Tanuku and Jangareddy gudem. There are buses running every 20 mins or less from Vijayawada. NH 5, part of the golden quadrilateral (i.e., Kolkata to Chennai), passes through Eluru.

The broad gauge railway line on the East Cost connecting Madras and Kolkata passes through the city. There are daily express and passenger trains to Hyderabad, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkatta throughout the day. The major railway stations in Eluru are Eluru Station, Power Pet Station, Vatluru Station with Eluru Station being the biggest and busiest. Eluru station is located exactly halfway between Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam, which is the busiest line in Andhra Pradesh.

Gannavaram is the nearest airport (40 km). Kingfisher Red, formerly Air Deccan, operates regular flights from Hyderabad, Bangalore and Chennai to Gannavaram. Kingfisher airlines operate daily flights from Hyderabad. Rajhamundry airport is also close to Eluru which has frequent flights to Hyderabad.